Lactate Dehydrogenase is involved in but not the Target Antigen in Children with Kawasaki Disease
Main Article Content
Abstract
Background: Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute vasculitis often complicating coronary arterial lesions, and gradually becomes the leading cause of acquired heart disease instead of rheumatism. Previous studies often regards elevation of serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level as an auxiliary diagnosis marker when judging myocardial diseases.
Methods: We analyzed the serum LDH levels in newly confirmed KD patients, compared with febrile non-KD patients and healthy donors as controls. Then a subtype of LDH protein (LDHA) were over-expressed and purified for antigenicity analysis of potential anti-LDHA autoantibodies in IgA, IgM and IgG isotype by homemade ELISA, respectively.
Results: An obvious elevation serum levels of LDH was found in 5/27 KD patients (19%, p<0.05) and 16/27 febrile non-KD patients (59%, p<0.001). None of IgA or IgM isotype of anti-LDHA antibodies were detected in all cases, and only low titer IgG antibodies were detected in KD patients (7%) and febrile non-KD patients (11%).
Conclusions: Our results demonstrated the LDH was associated but not the main autoimmune target in children with KD.
Downloads
Article Details
Copyright (c) 2016 Zhao L, et al.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Licensing and protecting the author rights is the central aim and core of the publishing business. Peertechz dedicates itself in making it easier for people to share and build upon the work of others while maintaining consistency with the rules of copyright. Peertechz licensing terms are formulated to facilitate reuse of the manuscripts published in journals to take maximum advantage of Open Access publication and for the purpose of disseminating knowledge.
We support 'libre' open access, which defines Open Access in true terms as free of charge online access along with usage rights. The usage rights are granted through the use of specific Creative Commons license.
Peertechz accomplice with- [CC BY 4.0]
Explanation
'CC' stands for Creative Commons license. 'BY' symbolizes that users have provided attribution to the creator that the published manuscripts can be used or shared. This license allows for redistribution, commercial and non-commercial, as long as it is passed along unchanged and in whole, with credit to the author.
Please take in notification that Creative Commons user licenses are non-revocable. We recommend authors to check if their funding body requires a specific license.
With this license, the authors are allowed that after publishing with Peertechz, they can share their research by posting a free draft copy of their article to any repository or website.
'CC BY' license observance:
|
License Name |
Permission to read and download |
Permission to display in a repository |
Permission to translate |
Commercial uses of manuscript |
|
CC BY 4.0 |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
The authors please note that Creative Commons license is focused on making creative works available for discovery and reuse. Creative Commons licenses provide an alternative to standard copyrights, allowing authors to specify ways that their works can be used without having to grant permission for each individual request. Others who want to reserve all of their rights under copyright law should not use CC licenses.
SKawasaki T (1967) Acute febrile mucocutaneous syndrome with lymphoid involvement with specific desquamation of the fingers and toes in children. Jpn J Allergy 16: 178-222.
Shulman ST, Rowley AH (1997) Etiology and pathogenesis of Kawasaki disease. Progress in Pediatric cardiology 6: 187-192.
Bayers S, Shulman ST, Paller AS (2013) Kawasaki disease: Part I. Diagnosis, clinical features, and pathogenesis. J Am Acad Dermatol 69: 501.
Principi N, Rigante D, Esposito S (2013) The role of infection in Kawasaki syndrome. J Infection 67: 1-10.
Eleftheriou D, Brogan P (2009) Vasculitis in children. Best Pract Res Cl Rh 23: 309-323.
Kuo HC, Yang KD, Chang WC, Ger LP, Hsieh KS (2012) Kawasaki disease: an update on diagnosis and treatment. Pediatr Neonatol 53: 4-11.
Sánchez-Manubens J, Bou R, Anton J (2014) Diagnosis and classification of Kawasaki disease. J Autoimmun 48-49: 113-117.
Kato H, Sugimura T, Akagi T, Sato N, Hashino K, et al. (1996) Long-term consequences of Kawasaki disease A 10-to 21-year follow-up study of 594 patients. Circulation 94: 1379-1385.
Hewins P, Jayne D (2010) Medium vessel vasculitis. Medicine 38: 93-96.
Falcini F, Capannini S, Rigante D (2011) Kawasaki syndrome: an intriguing disease with numerous unsolved dilemmas. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 9: 17.
Bayers S, Shulman ST, Paller AS (2013) Kawasaki disease: Part II. Complications and treatment. J Am Acad Dermatol 69: 513.e1-8.
O Connell J, Sloand E (2013) Kawasaki Syndrome and Streptococcal Scarlet Fever: A Clinical Review. The Journal for Nurse Practitioners 9: 259-264.
Huang G, Ma X, Huang M, Chen S, Huang M, et al. (2013) Epidemiologic pictures of Kawasaki disease in Shanghai from 1998 through 2002. J Epidemiol 16: 9-14.
Morini F, Ronchetti MP, Bagolan P (2009) Increased serum activity of lactate dehydrogenase in infants with necrotising enterocolitis: a potential marker of advanced disease. Paed Child Healt-CAN 19: S60-64.
Wan X, Wei L, Li H, Dong M, Lin Q, et al. (2013) High pretreatment serum lactate dehydrogenase level correlates with disease relapse and predicts an inferior outcome in locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Eur J Cancer 49: 2356-2364.
Inamura N, Miyashita N, Hasegawa S, Kato A, Fukuda Y, et al. (2014) Management of refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia: Utility of measuring serum lactate dehydrogenase level. J Infect Chemother 20: 270-273.
Miyashita N, Obase Y, Ouchi K, Kawasaki K, Kawai Y, et al. (2007) Clinical features of severe Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in adults admitted to an intensive care unit. J Med Microbiol 56: 1625-1629.
Egami K, Muta H, Ishii M, Suda K, Sugahara Y, et al. (2006) Prediction of resistance to intravenous immunoglobulin treatment in patients with Kawasaki disease. J Pediatr 149: 237-240.
Fukunishi M, Kikkawa M, Hamana K, Onodera T, Matsuzaki K, et al. (2000) Prediction of non-responsiveness to intravenous high-dose γ-globulin therapy in patients with Kawasaki disease at onset. J Pediatr 137: 172-176.
Wang W, Gong F, Zhu W, Fu S, Zhang Q (2015) Macrophage activation syndrome in Kawasaki Disease: More common than we thought? Semin Arthritis Rheum 44: 405-410.
Muise A, Tallett SE, Silverman ED (2003) Are children with Kawasaki disease and prolonged fever at risk for macrophage activation syndrome? Pediatrics 112: e495-497.
Japanese Circulation Society Joint Research Group (2005) Guidelines for diagnosis and management of cardiovascular sequelae in Kawasaki disease. Pediatr Int 47: 711-732.
Duan C, Du ZD, Wang Y, Jia LQ (2014) Effect of pravastatin on endothelial dysfunction in children with medium to giant coronary aneurysms due to Kawasaki disease. World J Pediatr 10: 232-237.
Yang H, Du Z, Fu P (2013) Clinical features of recurrent Kawasaki disease and its risk factors. Eur J Pediatr 172: 1641-1647.
Du H, Chen G, Wang S, Wang S, Li S, et al. (2012) Immunological screening and characterization of highly specific monoclonal antibodies against 20 kDa hGH. Bioanalysis 4: 2161-2168.
Xun Y, Chen P, Yan H, Yang W, Shi L, et al. (2014) Identification of prohibitin as an antigen in Behcet’s disease. Biochem Bioph Res Co 451: 389-393.
Du H, Liu J, Xun Y, Liang J, Li S, et al. (2014) Determination of Deoxynivalenol, Zearalenone, Aflatoxin B1, and Ochratoxin by an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay. Anal Lett 47: 1912-1920.
Du HW, Chen GY, Yang CH, Li CB, Xun YP, et al. (2014) Multiple correlations of mRNA expression and protein abundance in human cytokine profile. Mole Bio Rep 41: 6985-6993.