New evidence about personality traits and risk of new complications in patients with coronary artery disease. A study by a hypnotic-derived personality classification
Main Article Content
Abstract
Five-hundred outpatients with established coronary artery disease underwent to the “analogic personality test” aiming to discriminate the bipolar subpopulation accordingly to the indication of Analogical Disciplines Italian School. Hundred-thirteen bipolar patients (Group 1) were identified and compared to the remaining three hundred-eighty seven patients during a two years clinical follow-up in order to detect possible differences in cardiac death, myocardial infarction, Cerebrovascular Accidents (CVA), re-PCI rate. Significant statistical differences were encountered for each one of the considered events but CVA while ANOVA revealed bipolar personality, diabetes, age, left ventricular ejection fraction <35% and heart failure as significant predictive variables for cardiovascular events. Bipolarism represents a new risk factor for new events in patients with established coronary artery disease.
Downloads
Article Details
Copyright (c) 2020 Roberto B, et al.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Licensing and protecting the author rights is the central aim and core of the publishing business. Peertechz dedicates itself in making it easier for people to share and build upon the work of others while maintaining consistency with the rules of copyright. Peertechz licensing terms are formulated to facilitate reuse of the manuscripts published in journals to take maximum advantage of Open Access publication and for the purpose of disseminating knowledge.
We support 'libre' open access, which defines Open Access in true terms as free of charge online access along with usage rights. The usage rights are granted through the use of specific Creative Commons license.
Peertechz accomplice with- [CC BY 4.0]
Explanation
'CC' stands for Creative Commons license. 'BY' symbolizes that users have provided attribution to the creator that the published manuscripts can be used or shared. This license allows for redistribution, commercial and non-commercial, as long as it is passed along unchanged and in whole, with credit to the author.
Please take in notification that Creative Commons user licenses are non-revocable. We recommend authors to check if their funding body requires a specific license.
With this license, the authors are allowed that after publishing with Peertechz, they can share their research by posting a free draft copy of their article to any repository or website.
'CC BY' license observance:
|
License Name |
Permission to read and download |
Permission to display in a repository |
Permission to translate |
Commercial uses of manuscript |
|
CC BY 4.0 |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
The authors please note that Creative Commons license is focused on making creative works available for discovery and reuse. Creative Commons licenses provide an alternative to standard copyrights, allowing authors to specify ways that their works can be used without having to grant permission for each individual request. Others who want to reserve all of their rights under copyright law should not use CC licenses.
Caspi A, Roberts BW, Shiner RL (2005) Personality development: stability and change. Annu Rev Psychol 56: 453-484. Link: https://bit.ly/31PizNj
Ozer DJ, Benet‐Martinez V (2006) Personality and the prediction of consequential outcomes. Annu Rev Psychol 57: 401-421. Link: https://bit.ly/3h9gEK9
Friedman M, Rosenman RH (1960) Overt behavior pattern in coronary disease. Detection of overt behavior pattern A in patients with coronary disease by a new psychophysiological procedure. JAMA 173: 1320-1325. Link: https://bit.ly/3iKIhtn
Friedman M, Rosenman RH (1959) Association of specific overt behavior pattern with blood and cardiovascular findings; blood cholesterol level, blood clotting time, incidence of arcus senilis, and clinical coronary artery disease. JAMA 169: 1286-1296. Link: https://bit.ly/2E1hkCA
Grundy SM, Griffin AC (1959) Effects of periodic mental stress on serum cholesterol levels. Circulation 19: 496-498. Link: https://bit.ly/30U527M
Friedman M, Byers SO, Rosenman RH (1965) Effect of unsaturated fats upon lipemia and conjunctival circulation. A study of coronary-prone (pattern A) men. JAMA 193: 882-886. Link: https://bit.ly/3kLPqLu
Friedman M, St George S, Byers SO, Rosenman RH (1960) Excretion of catecholamines, 17-ketosteroids, 17-hydroxycorticoids and 5-hydroxyindole in men exhibiting a particular behavior pattern (A) associated with high incidence of clinical coronary artery disease. J Clin Invest 39: 758-764. Link: https://bit.ly/2DUaOxJ
Friedman M, Byers SO, Diamant J, Rosenman RH (1975) Plasma catecholamine response of coronary-prone subjects (type A) to a specific challenge. Metabolism 24: 205-210. Link: https://bit.ly/3gYjOA5
Rozanski A, Blumenthal JA, Kaplan J (1999) Impact of psychological factors on the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease and implications for therapy. Circulation 99: 2192-2217. Link: https://bit.ly/3fV9IPk
Suls J, Bunde J (2005) Anger, anxiety, and depression as risk factors for cardiovascular disease: the problems and implications of overlapping affective dispositions. Psychol Bull 131: 260-300. Link: https://bit.ly/31P4DTE
Benemeglio. Benemeglio S. Il potere del gesto. 2005, Ed. CISU, Milano, Italy.
Benemeglio. Il potere del segno. 2005, Ed. CISU, Milano, Italy. Link:
Rosenman RH, Brand RJ, Sholtz RI, Friedman M (1976) Multivariate prediction of coronary heart disease during 8.5 year follow-up in the Western Collaborative Group Study. Am J Cardiol 37: 903-910. Link: https://bit.ly/2CurJGu
Rosenman RH, Friedman M, Straus R, Jenkins CD, Zyzanski SJ, et al. (1970) Coronary heart disease in the Western Collaborative Group Study. A follow-up experience of 4 and one-half years. J Chronic Dis 23: 173-190. Link: https://bit.ly/3kF1fmZ
Rosenman RH, Brand RJ, Jenkins D, Friedman M, Straus R, et al. (1975) Coronary heart disease in Western Collaborative Group Study. Final follow-up experience of 8 1/2 years. JAMA 233: 872-877. Link: https://bit.ly/30SrCOa
Steptoe A (2006) Depression and physical illness. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Link: https://bit.ly/33WN9XU
Denollet J (2005) DS14: standard assessment of negative affectivity, social inhibition, and type D personality. Psychosom Med 67: 89-97. Link: https://bit.ly/2POjeJp
Wand Y, Wei D, Li W, Qiu J (2014) Individual differences in brain structure and resting-state functional connectivity associated with type A behavior pattern. 272: 217-228. Link: https://bit.ly/2PQGPZN
Critchley HD, Mathias CJ, Josephs O, Doherty JO, Dolan RJ, et al. (2003) Human cingulate cortex and autonomic control: converging neuroimaging and clinical evidence. Brain 126: 2139-2152. Link: https://bit.ly/3iFENrO
Bertelsen S (1961) Adrenalin-induced alterations in aortic tissue of rabbits compared with changes in human aortic tissue with age. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand 53: 335-344. Link: https://bit.ly/3gWxmfz
Haft JI (1974) Cardiovascular injury induced by sympathetic catecholamines. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 17: 73-86. Link: https://bit.ly/2E55Cqh
Carruthers ME (1969) Aggression and atheroma. Lancet 2: 1170-1171. Link: https://bit.ly/30W6zu0
Friedman M, Rosenman RH, St George S (1969) Adrenal response to excess corticotropin in coronary-prone men. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 131: 1305-1307. Link: https://bit.ly/3iC34iw
Grassi G, Seravalle G, Mancia G (2015) Sympathetic activation in cardiovascular disease: evidence, clinical impact and therapeutic implications. Eur J Clin Invest 45: 1367-1375. Link: https://bit.ly/2CrrFY3
Najafi A, Sequeira V, Kuster DW, van der Velden J (2016) Beta-adrenergic receptor signalling and its functional consequences in the diseased heart. Eur J Clin Invest 46: 362-374. Link: https://bit.ly/3anbKGE
Grassi G, Serravalle G, Quarti-Trevaro F, Dell’Oro R (2009) Sympathetic activation in congestive heart failure: evidence, consequences and therapeutic implications. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 7: 137-145. Link: https://bit.ly/3h7TgfG
Goyal V, Jassal DS, Dhalla NS (2016) Pathophysiology and prevention of sudden cardiac death. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 94: 237-244. Link: https://bit.ly/3apW5qg
Esler M, Kaye D (2000) Sympathetic nervous system activation in essential hypertension, cardiac failure and psychosomatic heart disease. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 7: S1-S7. Link: https://bit.ly/2XZKCIQ
Remme WJ (1998) The sympathetic nervous system and ischaemic heart disease. Eur Heart J 19: F62-F71. Link: https://bit.ly/3fXdh7A
Friedman M, Byers SO, Rosenman RH (1972) Plasma ACTH and cortisol concentration of coronary-prone subjects. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 140: 681-684. Link: https://bit.ly/2DHvPf5
Friedman M, Byers SO, Roseman RH, Elevitch FR (1970) Coronary-prone individuals (type A behavior pattern). Some biochemical characteristics. JAMA 212: 1030-1037. Link: https://bit.ly/2PTstYC
Friedman M, Byers SO, Rosenman RH, Neuman R (1971) Coronary-prone individuals (type A behavior pattern). Growth hormone responses. JAMA 217: 929-932. Link: https://bit.ly/3iD3NQA
Friedman M, Byers SO, Elek SR (1969) The induction of neurogenic hypercholesteremia. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 131: 759-762. Link: https://bit.ly/30UW6iE
Friedman M, Byers SO, Elek S (1972) Neurogenic hypercholesterolemia. II. Relationship to endocrine function. Am J Physiol 223: 473-479. Link: https://bit.ly/2PPDeeq
Byers SO, Friedman M (1973) Neurogenic hypercholesterolemia. 3. Cholesterol synthesis, absorption, and clearance. Am J Physiol 225: 1322-1326. Link: https://bit.ly/3gUBKvq
Friedman M, Byers SO, Elek S (1973) The pathogenesis of neurogenic hypercholesterolemia. IV. Abnormal metabolism of chylomicronous cholesterol. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 142: 359–364. Link: https://bit.ly/3iRydyP
Byers SO, Friedman M, Neuman R (1974) Neurogenic hypercholesterolemia: influence upon lipoproteins. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 145: 442–445. Link: https://bit.ly/3kL6VvJ